PeptidePedia The community reference

Proglucagon (revision 1)

Old revision·09:00, 8 Jul 2024·Chromatokid

This is an old revision of this page, as it stood at 09:00, 8 Jul 2024, saved by Chromatokid with the summary new article: incretin physiology, expansion welcome. It may differ substantially from the current revision, and any error it contains may since have been corrected.
Proglucagon
GeneGCG
Length160 residues (preproglucagon 180)
Processing enzymesProhormone convertase 1/3 and 2
Topic infobox · conventions

Proglucagon is the single precursor protein from which glucagon, Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon-like peptide-2, oxyntomodulin and glicentin are all derived. It is encoded by one gene, GCG, and transcribed identically in the pancreatic alpha cell, the intestinal L cell and a population of neurons in the caudal brainstem.[1]

The products differ between those tissues because the processing enzymes do. Prohormone convertase 2 predominates in the alpha cell and liberates glucagon; prohormone convertase 1/3 predominates in the L cell and the brainstem and liberates GLP-1 and GLP-2 instead. A single transcript therefore yields a hyperglycaemic hormone in one tissue and a hypoglycaemic one in another.[2]

References

  1. ^ Sandoval DA, D'Alessio DA. "Physiology of proglucagon peptides: role of glucagon and GLP-1 in health and disease." Physiological Reviews 95(2):513–548 (2015). DOI:10.1152/physrev.00013.2014. PMID 25834231.
  2. ^ Holst JJ. "The physiology of glucagon-like peptide 1." Physiological Reviews 87(4):1409–1439 (2007). PMID 17928588.
Categories: