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Timeline of incretin therapeutics (revision 4)

Old revision·14:38, 21 Aug 2024·ExenatideEzra

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Timeline of incretin therapeutics
Span1900s to the present
ArrangementChronological
List infobox · conventions

This timeline sets out the development of incretin science and of the drugs derived from it, from the earliest observation that oral glucose provokes a larger insulin response than intravenous glucose, to the multi-receptor agonists in development.[1]

Dates are given for the events most consistently reported in the literature. Where a discovery is attributable to a series of publications rather than one, the timeline names the period rather than a single year.[2]

Physiology

[edit]
PeriodEvent
1900s–1920sObservation that oral glucose evokes a larger insulin response than intravenous
1960sThe term incretin revived; the enteroinsular axis proposed
1970sGIP isolated and characterised
1980sGlucagon-like peptide-1 identified as a proglucagon product and shown to be insulinotropic
1986Reduced Incretin effect documented in type 2 diabetes
1990sDipeptidyl peptidase-4 identified as the enzyme inactivating both incretins

The 1986 finding is the hinge of the field: it established that the incretin axis is defective in type 2 diabetes and therefore a therapeutic target rather than only a physiological curiosity.[2]

References

  1. ^ Drucker DJ. "Mechanisms of action and therapeutic application of glucagon-like peptide-1." Cell Metabolism 27(4):740–756 (2018). PMID 29617641.
  2. ^ a b Holst JJ. "The physiology of glucagon-like peptide 1." Physiological Reviews 87(4):1409–1439 (2007). PMID 17928588.