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Lyophilisation: difference between revisions

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28| −50 °C | 3.94 Pa | 0.0064 |28| −50 °C | 3.94 Pa | 0.0064 |
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+30Values follow the standard formulations reviewed by Murphy and Koop.{{r|murphy2005}} The table explains a practical asymmetry of the process: a cycle run with the product at −40 °C rather than −30 °C loses roughly two-thirds of its driving force, and a cycle run 5 °C warmer than intended may dry substantially faster while risking the structural failure described below.
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30== References ==32== References ==
31{{reflist}}33{{reflist}}
35<ref name="carpenter1997">Carpenter JF, Pikal MJ, Chang BS, Randolph TW. "Rational design of stable lyophilized protein formulations: some practical advice." ''Pharmaceutical Research'' 14(8):969–975 (1997).</ref>37<ref name="carpenter1997">Carpenter JF, Pikal MJ, Chang BS, Randolph TW. "Rational design of stable lyophilized protein formulations: some practical advice." ''Pharmaceutical Research'' 14(8):969–975 (1997).</ref>
36<ref name="chang2009">Chang LL, Pikal MJ. "Mechanisms of protein stabilization in the solid state." ''Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences'' 98(9):2886–2908 (2009).</ref>38<ref name="chang2009">Chang LL, Pikal MJ. "Mechanisms of protein stabilization in the solid state." ''Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences'' 98(9):2886–2908 (2009).</ref>
+39<ref name="murphy2005">Murphy DM, Koop T. "Review of the vapour pressures of ice and supercooled water for atmospheric applications." ''Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society'' 131(608):1539–1565 (2005).</ref>
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38{{DEFAULTSORT:Lyophilisation}}41{{DEFAULTSORT:Lyophilisation}}