Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (revision 1)
Old revision·13:28, 16 Jun 2024·EmptyingElke
| Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | GIP |
| Precursor | Pro-GIP (gene GIP) |
| Principal source | Intestinal K cells (duodenum, proximal jejunum) |
| Topic infobox · conventions | |
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), also termed glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, is a 42-residue peptide hormone secreted by enteroendocrine K cells of the duodenum and proximal jejunum in response to the ingestion of glucose, fat and amino acids. It is one of the two principal incretin hormones, the other being Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).[1]
GIP is processed post-translationally from pro-GIP and circulates in two forms: the active GIP (1–42) and an N-terminally cleaved GIP (3–42) produced by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 cleavage. Both forms retain insulin-secretory activity, which is unusual among incretin peptides and is the basis for the glucose-dependent descriptor — GIP potentiates insulin secretion only when glucose is elevated.[2]
References
- ^ Nauck MA. "Incretin hormones: Their role in health and disease." Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 20 Suppl 1:4–21 (2018). DOI:10.1111/dom.13129. PMID 29364588.
- ^ Deacon CF, Johnsen AH, Holst JJ. "Degradation of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide by human plasma in vitro yields an N-terminally truncated peptide that is a major endogenous metabolite in vivo." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 80(3):952–957 (1995). PMID 7883856.